News
29
2021
-
04
How does the urine treatment system that goes into orbit with the core cabin turn "waste" into water
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Global Times: On April 29, 2021, China's manned space project space station and core module were successfully launched into orbit. Global Times-Global Network reporters learned from the 206 of the Second Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology that the environmental control unit developed The urine treatment subsystem and water treatment purifier (hereinafter referred to as the urine treatment subsystem and water purifier) and other component products were successfully launched with the sky and core module as one of the key subsystems of the sky and core module.
It is understood that the urine treatment subsystem is an important part of the space station's environmental control and life protection system. As an important link in the recycling of water resources in the space station, it is one of the iconic key products for the manned space station mission to realize the long-term stay of astronauts in orbit. It plays an important supporting role in the construction and operation of the space station.
"The urine treatment technology of the space station is a recognized technical problem, and it is also one of the key technologies for the construction of my country's space station." Li Jiandong, deputy chief of the Science and Technology Committee of the 206 Institute of the Second Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology, who is in charge of the subsystem, said. The urine treatment subsystem works in a microgravity environment, and the treated working fluid is urine added with pretreatment agent, which has the characteristics of strong acidity, strong corrosion and easy crystallization and precipitation, which is a great challenge for the long-term reliable operation of the electromechanical moving parts of the system. In the face of the long life and high reliability requirements of space station products, the team comprehensively considered "machine, electricity, gas, liquid, heat" and other factors to carry out exploration and test verification of new technologies, new materials and new processes to ensure the realization of long life and high reliability index requirements of products.
According to the reporter's understanding, the urine treatment subsystem uses vapor compression distillation technology to rotate and distill the pretreated urine. The collected water vapor condenses to form distilled water, and then outputs the distilled water to the water treatment subsystem for deep purification treatment, thus extracting and utilizing the water in the urine, realizing the recycling of water resources in the space station, reducing the load burden of the cargo spacecraft, and greatly reducing the operating cost of the space station.
Cui Guangzhi, director of the Space Electromechanical Technology Research Office of the 206 Institute of the Second Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology, told the Global Times-Global Network reporter that the reclaimed water purified by the water treatment subsystem exceeds the requirements of relevant national standards and can meet the needs of astronauts staying in the space station for a long time. Cleaning, oxygen generation and other purposes.
In 2012, the 206 Institute of the Second Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology began to undertake the task of developing urine treatment subsystem. In the past ten years, the team has successively broken through more than ten key technologies such as low-pressure rotary distillation, gas-liquid two-phase flow transportation and separation, non-lubricating rotary dynamic sealing, urine calcium crystallization and precipitation, and distillation waste gas treatment, etc. through the development process of engineering prototype, initial sample and positive sample of the product, and positive sample, realizing "water" water ", fill a number of domestic technology gaps.
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